The Evergreen Library for Dealing with Data Centers — Due Diligence for Our Grandchildren · registered readers
The Evergreen Library

Verified as of July 7, 2026

Library last verified and updated: July 7, 2026 · maintained by RLEDC

Case Status Ledger

Last verified: July 7, 2026 · Statuses reflect the public record; verify with counsel before citation in any proceeding.

  • Awaiting approvalMorrow County / Amazon ($20.5M): Motion for preliminary approval filed March 31, 2026 (D. Or., Pendleton). Amazon denies all allegations; one of 17 defendants; class not yet certified; public-comment hearing required. Litigation continues against remaining defendants. Counsel announcement · Oregon Capital Chronicle
  • Project deadPW Digital Gateway (VA): Rezonings void ab initio (notice defects); Court of Appeals affirmed unanimously March 31, 2026; both developers withdrew July 2026. The largest proposed campus in industry history is terminated. July 2026 coverage
  • ActiveProject Jupiter (Doña Ana County, NM): NMELC suits proceeding (incomplete-application; Open Meetings Act); NMFOG public-records suit filed; State Ethics Commission action against ad campaign; air-permit comment period closed July 6, 2026; power strategy revised to fuel cells. Reported controversy — no adjudicated wrongdoing. OMA suit · Air permits · Canvassing report
  • ResolvedThe Dalles (OR): Settled after 13 months of litigation — ten years of water records released; annual disclosure continues.

Moratorium Tracker

Last verified: July 7, 2026

  • 116+ municipal moratoriums adopted nationwide (end of June 2026); 54 of 63 tracked local actions passed. Good Jobs First tracker · DataCenterBans tally
  • New York became the second legislature to pass a statewide pause (one year, 20 MW+), awaiting the governor's signature. Maine's LD 307 (first passed) was vetoed; override failed. Vermont vetoed. Pennsylvania advancing municipal-pause bills with bipartisan support. Rockefeller Institute update
  • The substance instead of the pause: Florida SB 484 (signed May 2026, effective July 1) and Oklahoma HB 2992 bar shifting data center costs to residential ratepayers; Washington SB 5982 ties large facilities to clean-energy deadlines.
  • New Mexico: Santa Fe County (18 months, 1 MW threshold, adopted June 30, 2026 — proactive, not court-tested); Socorro County (1 year); Bernalillo guardrails resolution; statewide proposal announced for 2027.

Reference Shelf — Live Trackers & Sources

Live backlinks, verified July 7, 2026. These sources update themselves — bookmark them between our verification cycles.

The Full Tool Index — All 53 Fiduciary Tools

Every tool in the book, by chapter, as published in the first edition (Appendix D). Each is a drafting specification for your county counsel — a number, a meter, a deadline, and money that moves.

Chapter 1 — Keeping the Wells Deep (Water)

1.1 The Water Due-Diligence Checklist (Application Completeness)

the application is not accepted for review — and no statutory review clock starts — until every item is delivered. Sequencing is leverage. - Cooling Architecture Disclosure: technology by type with manufacturer specifications; design WUE and PUE, annualized and peak-day, with… Full text: Chapter 1, Part D of the book.

1.2 Model Condition Language (Framework Boilerplate for Counsel)

Independent Technical Review; Cost Reimbursement. Prior to acceptance of any application for a High-Density Computing Facility, the Applicant shall deposit with the County an amount sufficient to fund independent third-party review of all water-related… Full text: Chapter 1, Part D of the book.

1.3 Cooling & Reclaimed-Water Verification

Cooling & Reclaimed-Water Verification The Zero-Evaporation definition, reclaimed-water conditions, and annual meter-verification clauses set out in this chapter's Loophole Insert are adopted by reference as Tool 1.3 — the enforcement companion to the disclosures of Tool 1.1. For this chapter's clause… Full text: Chapter 1, Part D of the book.

1.4 The Board Member's Five Questions

The Board Member's Five Questions For the supervisor at the dais who will never read a hydrogeology report, five questions that cannot be answered with slide fourteen: - "What is your peak-day consumption at full build-out — not your average, not… Full text: Chapter 1, Part D of the book.

1.5 Sequencing Flowchart

Ordinance adopted (before any applicant appears) → Application filed → escrow funded → County selects independent reviewer → Completeness gate: Checklist 1.1 satisfied? If no, the clock does not start → Peak Stress Audit and Baseline Well Census entered into the… Full text: Chapter 1, Part D of the book.

Chapter 2 — Keeping the Lights On (Grid & Power)

2.1 The Large Load Protection Agreement (LLPA): Core Terms

Core Terms - Full Requirements Disclosure: hourly load shape, ramp schedule by quarter, coincident peak estimates, and interconnection/system-impact studies as application completeness items. - Minimum Take: payment for not less than [85]% of contracted capacity, used or not — the AEP… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

2.2 The Rate-Stabilization Escrow

A developer-funded escrow, replenished annually, from which the utility draws to offset any independently audited rate impact on residential and small-commercial classes attributable to the Facility — the enforcement instrument behind every 'no ratepayer impact' promise. If the… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

2.3 The Grid Performance Bond

Security posted before energization covering (a) stranded infrastructure costs on early termination, (b) rate-impact reimbursements exceeding the escrow, and (c) system restoration costs from facility-caused disturbances — recalculated every [3] years against actual plant investment. Tool 2.4… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

2.4 Parent Guaranty Standard

No agreement executes against a project LLC alone. The creditworthy ultimate parent guarantees all payment and performance obligations; assignment or change of control without consent is a default. A promise from a shell is unsecured credit — Chapter… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

2.5 Minimum-Demand Precedent File

Maintain, and hand to your co-op board and counsel, the AEP Ohio settlement terms and successor tariffs as the negotiation floor: 85% minimum demand, 12-year terms, exit fees, collateral. The industry has already signed these terms in a… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

2.6 Ramp Restrictions

Energization in approved tranches ([50] MW steps), each conditioned on completion of corresponding supply and delivery upgrades verified by the utility's engineer — never load ahead of infrastructure. Tool 2.7 — Cost Responsibility Clause The following is specification language… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

2.7 Cost Responsibility Clause

The following is specification language for utility counsel, not an enact-ready ordinance: All costs of generation capacity, transmission service, distribution infrastructure, ancillary services, and market obligations caused by or attributable to the Facility's load, as determined by an… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

2.8 The Board Checklist: Ten Questions Before Any Letter of Intent

Ten Questions Before Any Letter of Support (1) Full build-out MW and hourly shape? (2) System impact study filed — where? (3) Who funds dedicated infrastructure, on what depreciation term? (4) Minimum-take percentage and term versus the AEP floor? (5) Exit… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

2.9 Power Source Verification (specification for counsel)

Any representation that the Facility will be served by dedicated, co-located, or contracted generation shall be supported by executed agreements filed with the application, identifying (a) the resource, its operational status, and in-service date; (b) the Facility's full grid draw during… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

2.10 The Board Member's "So What?" Drill: Three High-Leverage Power Questions

Three High-Leverage Power Questions Before any letter of support and before any interconnection endorsement, three questions, verbatim, on the public record: 1. "Will your ultimate, creditworthy parent company sign a binding parent guaranty behind this project LLC — or are you… Full text: Chapter 2, Part D of the book.

Chapter 3 — Protecting the Quiet (Acoustics)

3.1 The Dual-Spectrum Performance Standard (ordinance)

Specification) Operational sound from the Facility shall not exceed the pre-construction background sound level (L90, measured per the Baseline Protocol) at any receiving dwelling or agricultural receptor by more than [5] dBA or [10] dBC during… Full text: Chapter 3, Part D of the book.

3.2 The Acoustic Baseline Protocol

Developer-funded, county-selected acoustician; minimum [14] consecutive days per season represented; all identified residential and agricultural receptors; one-third-octave data; results filed as the permanent public baseline before any land disturbance. No baseline, no completeness. Tool 3.3 — The… Full text: Chapter 3, Part D of the book.

3.3 The Acoustic Impact Assessment (application requirement)

Worst-case modeling — peak thermal load, nighttime inversion, dBC and dBA contours to the [X]-mile radius, all mechanical and electrical sources plus generator testing — reviewed by the county's independent acoustician at applicant expense. Tool… Full text: Chapter 3, Part D of the book.

3.4 The Livestock & Agricultural Mitigation Fund

The Livestock & Agricultural Mitigation Fund An escrowed fund, replenished annually, paying scheduled compensation for verified acoustic-impact claims by agricultural operations within the modeled contour, per a protocol combining the herd baseline, attended measurement, and veterinary review — compensation without litigation… Full text: Chapter 3, Part D of the book.

3.5 Equipment & Expansion Trigger

Equipment & Expansion Trigger No equipment addition or replacement increasing rated heat rejection, generation capacity, or total sound power may be energized without an updated AIA and county approval — closing the quiet-creep loophole by which compliant facilities grow loud one… Full text: Chapter 3, Part D of the book.

3.6 Continuous Monitoring & Public Data

Continuous Monitoring & Public Data Permanent monitoring stations at [3+] designated receptors, county-accessible, data published [monthly]; annual attended compliance survey including tonal analysis, at operator expense. Tool 3.7 — Model Enforcement Clause (specification for counsel) A verified exceedance opens a [30]-day… Full text: Chapter 3, Part D of the book.

3.7 Model Enforcement Clause (specification for counsel)

A verified exceedance opens a [30]-day cure period. Failure to cure triggers liquidated damages of $[___] per day drawn from the Noise Compliance Security until compliance is re-verified by attended measurement. Three verified exceedance events… Full text: Chapter 3, Part D of the book.

3.8 The Board Checklist

(1) Does our ordinance specify dBC and background-relative limits — or only dBA? (2) Where is the pre-construction baseline? (3) Whose model, whose assumptions, what meteorology? (4) Generator test windows fixed by permit? (5) Continuous monitoring with public… Full text: Chapter 3, Part D of the book.

3.9 The Ordinance Firewall (the dais script)

When the applicant's acoustical consultant opens the contour maps, the board does not debate whether the fans are loud. It hands the engineer a single sheet of paper carrying the dual-spectrum standard of Tool 3.1… Full text: Chapter 3, Part D of the book.

Chapter 4 — The Strength of Local Zoning

4.1 The Model Overlay District (framework for counsel)

'High-Density Computing Facility' defined by function and aggregate design load exceeding [1] MW; tiers at [20] and [100] MW; applies in all districts; removes the use from all by-right tables. Article II — Aggregation: all phases and commonly controlled parcels reviewed… Full text: Chapter 4, Part D of the book.

4.2 The By-Right Audit (do this month)

(1) inventory every district whose use table could plausibly capture a data center under existing definitions; (2) map the acreage so zoned, overlaying transmission corridors — that intersection is your exposure map, and the site selectors already have it; (3) memo… Full text: Chapter 4, Part D of the book.

4.3 The Entitlement Map & Moratorium Decision Framework

& Moratorium Decision Framework If the audit reveals material exposure and drafting will take months: consider the bounded moratorium — [12–18] months, tied to a published work plan with milestones (see The Bounded Moratorium section and the Conclusion's… Full text: Chapter 4, Part D of the book.

4.4 The Overlay District Gate (the dais script)

Once the by-right audit is complete and the overlay is adopted, the county's posture at intake fits on a single page. Three conditions precedent, delivered verbatim: 1. "This county does not recognize by-right access… Full text: Chapter 4, Part D of the book.

Chapter 5 — Contracts with Teeth

5.1 The Decommissioning Security Framework (specification for counsel)

Prior to energization, the Operator shall fund decommissioning security equal to the County engineer's estimate of full third-party demolition, removal, and site restoration, assuming zero salvage value, in the form of cash escrow or… Full text: Chapter 5, Part D of the book.

5.2 The Security Administration Calendar

A single controlled document, owned by a named official, listing every instrument (bonds, LCs, escrows, insurance certificates), its amount, obligor, expiry, replenishment status, and next recalculation date — reviewed at a standing annual agenda item, with outside… Full text: Chapter 5, Part D of the book.

5.3 The Staged-Release Protocol

No security releases on the calendar or at 'substantial completion' declarations. Construction bonds release against engineer-verified milestones; decommissioning security releases only upon verified restoration; operational escrows release [24] months after permanent cessation and confirmed compliance. The default posture… Full text: Chapter 5, Part D of the book.

5.4 The Exit-Cost Drill (the dais script)

When the development agreement reaches the dais, the board exercises the chapter's governing rule — money exits last — in three sentences: 1. "We do not accept signatures from asset-empty project LLCs. This agreement does… Full text: Chapter 5, Part D of the book.

Chapter 5B — The Personal Shield

5B.1 The Two-Hat Announcement

every land-use agenda item opens with counsel's on-record statement of capacity (legislative or quasi-judicial) and the conduct rules that follow. Tool 5B.2 — The Ex Parte Disclosure Script "Before we proceed, I disclose the following contact regarding this application: on [date]… Full text: Chapter 5B, Part D of the book.

5B.2 The Ex Parte Disclosure Script

on [date], [person] communicated with me regarding [substance]. I have considered nothing outside this record, and I invite any party to respond." Tool 5B.3 — The Contact Deflection Card Wallet-sized, for every official: "I can't discuss a pending application outside the… Full text: Chapter 5B, Part D of the book.

5B.3 The Contact Deflection Card

"I can't discuss a pending application outside the hearing. Please submit your comments to the Clerk for the record — I'll read them there." Friendly, uniform, and the end of ninety percent of the trap. Tool 5B.4 — The Findings Discipline… Full text: Chapter 5B, Part D of the book.

5B.4 The Findings Discipline

No quasi-judicial vote without written findings applying each governing standard to record evidence, drafted or reviewed by counsel, adopted by reference in the motion. Tool 5B.5 — The Annual Training & Developer Conduct Clause A half-day annual procedural… Full text: Chapter 5B, Part D of the book.

5B.5 The Annual Training & Developer Conduct Clause

& Developer Conduct Clause A half-day annual procedural training for all land-use boards — the classic civic-education workshop, cheap to convene and priceless in discovery — plus one clause in every development agreement: the Developer directs all communications… Full text: Chapter 5B, Part D of the book.

Chapter 5C — The Financial Backstop

5C.1 The Coverage Audit (annual, professional)

A licensed insurance professional reviews, annually and before any major land-use season: form type and retro dates; limits vs. defense erosion; the four exclusions above; individual-capacity coverage for officials and volunteers; tail and continuity on any… Full text: Chapter 5C, Part D of the book.

5C.2 The Indemnification Interlock (specification for counsel)

Developer shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the County and its officials, employees, and agents, in their official and individual capacities, from all Project-related claims regardless of merit, with defense costs paid as incurred. This… Full text: Chapter 5C, Part D of the book.

Chapter 6 — Fair Share for Local Labor

6.1 The Local Labor Accountability Framework (four gates)

staff assembles the county's actual labor picture (BLS wages, Census County Business Patterns) so targets are achievable by design. Gate 2 — Commitments in layers, never blended: construction hours, permanent positions, and 'supported' claims stated separately with residency, wage floor, and… Full text: Chapter 6, Part D of the book.

6.2 The CBA Term Sheet (negotiating skeleton, for counsel)

Developer and creditworthy parent; the County; [college district / workforce board / coalition where state law permits]. Local hire: [__]% of construction work-hours by County/regional residents, set per trade from the Gate 1 baseline; bid packages unbundled where practicable. Apprenticeship: [__]%… Full text: Chapter 6, Part D of the book.

6.3 The Incentive Scorecard

Incentives are earned annually in arrears, never granted whole against forecasts. Weighted benchmarks: permanent local jobs vs. target (30%), average wage vs. floor (20%), local construction hours (20%), apprentices and training completions hired (15%), local procurement (10%), reporting… Full text: Chapter 6, Part D of the book.

6.4 The Labor Invoice (the dais script)

When the abatement ask arrives, the board answers with the whole chapter in four sentences: 1. "We do not grant abatements against forecasts. Incentives are earned annually in arrears, verified by the Incentive Scorecard … Full text: Chapter 6, Part D of the book.

Chapter 7 — The Transparency Mandate

7.1 The Model Anti-NDA Ordinance

Framework provisions for county counsel to conform to state public-records and open-meetings law before adoption: Section 1 — Policy: The County conducts the public's business in public. No official, employee, or agent shall execute any nondisclosure agreement… Full text: Chapter 7, Part D of the book.

7.2 The Disclosure Matrix

Presumptively Public (consumption, discharge, monitoring data; incentive terms and cost-per-job; county-commissioned studies; required reports) · Presumptively Confidential (server/network architecture; security configurations; proprietary designs; customer identities; pre-assembly strategy) · Balancing Required (security-adjacent infrastructure detail; genuine edge cases, resolved by counsel with written… Full text: Chapter 7, Part D of the book.

7.3 The Trade-Secret Test Procedure

For every claimed confidentiality, a one-page written determination by counsel before the claim is honored: (1) identify the specific information; (2) state the legal basis — the statute and each element satisfied; (3) assess partial disclosure … Full text: Chapter 7, Part D of the book.

7.4 The Transparency Checklist (pre-vote, every major action)

(pre-vote, every major action) The Clerk certifies on the record before any vote on rezonings, incentives, development agreements, or infrastructure commitments: all notice and agenda requirements met to the letter (the Digital Gateway rule); every executive session's statutory… Full text: Chapter 7, Part D of the book.

7.5 The Open-Gate Firewall (the dais script)

When the NDA slides across the desk, the county does not negotiate its paragraphs. It slides the document back with a copy of the Anti-NDA Ordinance and three sentences: 1. "This county does not sign… Full text: Chapter 7, Part D of the book.

Unnumbered Codas — Standalone Frameworks

The Moratorium Close

VETTING THE HORIZON (Risk Assessment) 24 Chapter 1: Keeping the Wells Deep — Water System Lifecycle & Chemical Concentration Risks (Flagship Chapter) 25 Part A: The Hook & The Narrative 25 Part B: The Technical Risk Breakdown 27 Scientific Research Sidebar:… Full text: The Bounded Moratorium section.

The Green Diligence Scorecard

closed-loop or equivalent design; routine evaporative consumption ≤ [__] gallons/day; zero potable use beyond office baseline (Ch. 1 metering and damages apply). Energy: verified PUE ≤ [1.3] at full build-out; heat rejection temperature disclosed; [__]% of load matched to new regional… Full text: Chapter 8.

The Innovation Rider

development agreement) Where the Operator proposes technologies materially reducing verified impacts below this Agreement's baselines — including advanced liquid cooling, heat recovery, on-site storage, or verified 24/7 carbon-free matching — the County will credit verified performance against the corresponding security sizing… Full text: Chapter 8.

The Thermal Mandate

When the abatement or overlay application arrives, the board does not request a sustainability brochure; it mandates integration as a condition of completeness. Three conditions precedent, on one page: 1. "This county does not permit the waste of industrial thermal… Full text: Chapter 8.

The Done-Right Sequence

's affirmative calendar) (1) Adopt the Scorecard in the quiet year, so recruitment materials can say what the moratorium counties proved: this county is not closed — it is specific. (2) Convene the heat-and-workforce table early — the college, the growers… Full text: Chapter 8.

Always-Current Research Feeds

These links are live queries — each one runs a fresh search the moment you click, so the results are always today's. They never wait for our monthly sweep.

Infographics & Visual Explainers

Original graphics created for this library — free to reproduce for civic education with credit to RLEDC.org/datacenters. Each has a permanent anchor link (#) for sharing, and a curated research shelf beneath it: every direct link verified as of the stamp date above; the LIVE entries run a fresh search the moment you click, so the shelf never goes stale.

Cycles of Concentration — why the minerals never leave in the steam COOLING TOWER recirculating water: minerals ×4 MAKE-UP WATER IN 4 units · normal minerals EVAPORATION OUT 3 units · pure vapor — zero minerals BLOWDOWN OUT 1 unit · minerals & chemistry ×4 CoC = make-up ÷ blowdown. Ask for the number, the discharge chemistry, and where the blowdown goes. (Ch. 1)
#Cycles of Concentration — the arithmetic behind the Morrow County settlement: evaporation removes pure water only; everything dissolved stays and concentrates. Companion to Chapter 1 and Tool 1.3.

Research shelf — water & cycles of concentration

dBA vs dBC — the low-frequency hum a dBA-only limit never sees 0 dB −26 −40 31.5631252505001k4k Hz THE HUM LIVES HERE transformers · chillers · fans dBC (flat) dBA (discounts lows) A dBA-only ordinance can be "met" while the bedroom walls hum. Require both weightings. (Tool 3.1)
#dBA vs dBC Weighting — why a dBA-only noise ordinance misses the low-frequency hum. Companion to Chapter 3 and Tool 3.1 (the Dual-Spectrum Standard).

Research shelf — noise & low-frequency sound

The Thermal Cascade — waste heat is an asset with a meter GPU RACKS direct-to-chip loop 45–60°C out HEAT EXCHANGER metered hand-off THERMAL NETWORK insulated district loop Greenhouses Homes & schools Dairy & processing The Thermal Mandate (Ch. 8): recovered-heat delivery with a number, a meter, a deadline — and money that moves when it falls short.
#The Thermal Cascade — the "Done Right" heat-reuse architecture behind the Thermal Mandate. Companion to Chapter 8.

Research shelf — heat reuse & the thermal cascade

Research shelf — energy, grid & the big picture

Model Clause & Tool Updates

First edition baseline — revisions will post here as doctrines are tested.

  • All 53 tools current as of the first edition. The Jupiter Clause Set (Appendix E) remains the reference implementation of the four-part guarantee: a number, a meter, a deadline, and money that moves.
  • Watch items: the AEP Ohio minimum-take precedent (successor tariffs spreading); FERC co-location proceedings; moratorium challenges in Hill County, TX and Chatham County, NC.

Workshop Materials & Requests

For boards, study committees, and community groups.

  • Board training (the Personal Shield protocol, the Ten Questions, the by-right audit) and the 18-month moratorium roadmap — request scheduling at isabelle@rledc.org or (575) 708-0083.
  • Bulk copies of the handbook for commissions and cooperatives available through RLEDC.
Standing disclaimer: These materials provide general educational information from a risk-management perspective — not legal, financial, engineering, or insurance advice. Model language is a drafting specification for qualified counsel. Verify all case statuses and citations independently before reliance; where a matter is settled without admission, unadjudicated, or not court-tested, treat it accordingly.